I、現在完成式的形式:                        

  一般動詞" have/has p.p.

      be動詞" have/has been p.p.(或形容詞)

【說明】j肯定"have/has作助動詞用

k否定"have(has)  not (never) p.p.

l疑問"Have/Has S p.p….?

例:j She has just written a letter.(她剛剛寫好一封信。)

               He has been sick for two days.(他已病了兩天。)

       k I haven't seen you for a long time. (好久不見。)

       l Have you  ever watched a basketball game?

    (你們曾經去看過籃球比賽嗎?)

II、現在完成式的使用時機:

1.     敘述從過去到目前為止所(未)做過或(未)做完的事

Ex1. I  have eaten breakfast already. (我已吃了早餐。)

Ex2. We haven't decided yet. (我們尚未決定。)

2.     從過去到目前為止之動作或狀態

Ex3. They have studied English for 5 years.(他們已學英文5年了。)

Ex4. How long have you been here? (你到此地多久了?)

3.     從過去到目前為止具有或未有的經驗

Ex5.  I’ve been to London several times.(我去倫敦好幾次了。)

Ex6. Has she ever been to the United States?(你去過美國嗎?)

    Yes, I’ve been there often. (是的,我常去。)

III、和現在完成式連用的時間副詞及句型:

<句型1 for+一段時間(for可省略)=since+時間起點

Ex7. They  have lived in Jhongli for 20 years.

  They  have lived in Jhongli since 20years ago.

<句型2 It   be動詞/has been 時間 since…

                例:It  is               a long time since you left Taiwan.

                  =has been  

             自從你離開台灣以來已經很久了。)

<句型3This is the first time

This is the最高級 in … life

例: This is the first that I have heard him sing.

(這是我第一次聽到他唱歌。)

                           This is the best movie that I have ever seen.

(這是我看過最好的電影。)

IVhave/has gone have/has been之區別

have/has gone " be not here now left for "只用於第三人稱

have/has been " 去過,已經回來了

例:He has gone to London. "He is in London now.

V、表瞬間性之動詞die, come, catch等不可用完成式

Ex8. His father died two years ago.(他父親兩年前死了。)

    His father  has been dead for two years.

Ex9. He has been here for a week.(他來一星期了。)

     × has come "這動作不可能延續一星期

    When did you  come? (你何時來的?)

*用When…?問過去的事情時,通常不用現在完成式,要用過去式。

Ex10. I  caught a cold a week ago. (我一星期前感冒了。)

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